Every dog has a natural scent, but when that familiar “dog smell” suddenly turns unmistakably fishy, it’s rarely random. While it may be tempting to laugh it off or assume your dog rolled in something unpleasant, a fish-like odor is often your pet’s way of signaling that something isn’t quite right.
Fortunately, the cause is usually well understood — and highly treatable.
The Fishy Truth Most Owners Don’t Know
The most common source of a fishy smell in dogs comes from the anal glands (also called anal sacs). These are two small glands located on either side of a dog’s rectum, designed to release a strong-smelling fluid during bowel movements. In the canine world, this scent functions as a form of identification between dogs.
Under normal circumstances, these glands empty naturally. But when they don’t, the fluid builds up, thickens, and produces a powerful odor often compared to rotten fish.
Dogs may also release this scent when they’re anxious or frightened. If the glands fail to empty completely, the material can harden, leading to discomfort or pain.
Common warning signs include:
- Scooting across the floor
- Excessive licking or biting near the rear
- Difficulty or straining during bowel movements
If left untreated, impacted anal glands can become infected or form abscesses — a painful condition that requires veterinary intervention.
“Abscesses need prompt attention,” explains Dr. Jerry Klein, Chief Veterinary Officer of the American Kennel Club. “They are painful and may require surgery, along with antibiotics and pain management.”
Other Medical Reasons Your Dog May Smell Like Fish
While anal glands are the leading cause, they’re not the only one. Several underlying health issues can also create fishy odors.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, particularly in female dogs, and can cause urine with a strong, unpleasant smell. Frequent urination, accidents indoors, or visible discomfort are key signs.
More serious female-specific conditions such as vaginitis or pyometra may also produce a fishy scent and can become life-threatening without treatment.
Dental disease is another overlooked culprit. Infected gums or decaying teeth can lead to fishy-smelling breath, often accompanied by drooling, tartar buildup, or difficulty eating.
Additionally, yeast or skin infections — especially in skin folds, paws, or the genital area — may emit a fishy or corn-chip-like odor. These conditions often come with redness, itching, or hair loss.
Symptoms You Should Never Ignore
If your dog smells like fish, watch closely for:
- Scooting behavior
- Persistent licking or chewing of the rear
- Redness, swelling, discharge, or bleeding near the anus
- Fishy breath or genital odor
- Changes in bathroom habits
What may look amusing at first can actually be an important medical signal.
Breeds More Prone to Anal Gland Issues
A large-scale study conducted by the Royal Veterinary College’s VetCompass program, analyzing over 104,000 dogs, found that some breeds are significantly more prone to anal sac disease.
Breeds at higher risk include:
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
- King Charles Spaniels
- Shih Tzus
- Bichon Frises
- Cocker Spaniels
Smaller breeds, in particular, tend to experience recurring gland issues due to anatomy and stool consistency.
What You Can Do to Help Your Dog
1. Veterinary Evaluation
Persistent odors always warrant a professional exam. A veterinarian can express the glands safely, treat infections, or rule out serious conditions.
2. Routine Gland Care
Some dogs benefit from periodic expression by a vet or groomer. Overdoing it, however, can cause inflammation — so balance is key.
3. Diet and Digestive Support
High-fiber diets, probiotics, and proper hydration help produce firm stools that naturally express anal glands.
4. Oral Hygiene
Regular brushing, dental chews, and professional cleanings help prevent fishy breath linked to dental disease.
5. Skin and Coat Maintenance
Medicated shampoos or wipes can control yeast and bacterial overgrowth.
A Clean Smell Is a Healthy Signal
A sudden fishy odor isn’t something to ignore — but it’s also not something to fear. In most cases, it’s an early warning sign that allows owners to step in before discomfort becomes pain.
With proper care, attention to diet, and timely veterinary support, the underlying issue can be resolved quickly. Once it is, that unpleasant smell disappears — and your dog returns to smelling exactly like they should: healthy, comfortable, and happy.
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