Iguanas, Last Seen Thriving By Darwin, Have Returned and are Reproducing on a Galápagos Island.

Galápagos Land Iguanas on Santiago Island have not been seen in significant numbers since Darwin’s visit in the 1830s.

On Santiago Island in the Galápagos National Park, land iguanas have been returned to the wild and are actively breeding, 187 years after Charles Darwin last observed a healthy population there.

On Santiago Island, one of the Galápagos Islands far off the coast of Ecuador in the Pacific, the Galápagos National Park has released 3,143 Land Iguanas (Conolophus subcristatus) during the previous three years.

It appears to be a major success thus far, with the restoration of the lizards already improving the ecosystem’s dynamics.

The greatest results will be seen in a few more years, according to Dr. Luis Ortz-Catedral, a scientific adviser for the Galápagos National Park Directorate (GNPD) in charge of the project. “They have opened paths, removed the earth, and dispersed the seeds, and this is changing the dynamics,” he said in a statement.

The team’s discovery of people in July who hadn’t been identified or documented is the most promising of all; it shows that the population is healthy and reproducing.

Dr. Jorge Carrión, the Director of Conservation for the Galápagos Conservancy, said that there has been evidence of iguana reproduction in Santiago, which shows that their reintroduction procedure has been effective.

The IUCN Red List rates the Galápagos Land Iguana as vulnerable to extinction. The last time a healthy population was recorded on Santiago was by Darwin in the 1830s, despite the fact that the species may be found in greater numbers on other Galápagos islands.

Darwin and the Galápagos Islands are practically synonymous. As a part of the second trip of HMS Beagle, a massive mission that lasted from 1831 to 1836 with the purpose of mapping the coast of South America, he spent five weeks there in 1835.

His thoughts on the hypothesis of evolution by means of natural selection were sped up when he observed the diverse biodiversity that was comparable from island to island yet perfectly matched to each unique environment.

Unfortunately, the Galápagos Islands have recently experienced challenging times. The islands’ animal populations have struggled as a result of fears about invading species and pollution.

Fortunately, some recent conservation initiatives have begun to reverse the trend, and the island’s biodiversity is beginning to recover.

“The eradication of the populations of feral pigs, goats, and donkeys, a goal that the GNPD accomplished in 2006, marked the beginning of the ecological rehabilitation of Santiago Island some decades ago. Although there are still many obstacles to overcome before the ecological integrity of the island is fully restored, Wacho Tapia, general director of the Galápagos Conservancy, emphasized that the return of the Land Iguanas is an important first step because it represents returning the ecosystem’s missing component.