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New Whale Behavior May Be Inspiration for Ancient Norse Sea Creature Myth

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The oceans are vast and full of mystery. For centuries, humans have looked out to sea and imagined what creatures might dwell within. One of the most enduring myths of the sea is that of the kraken, a giant, tentacled monster said to dwell in the deep waters off the coasts of Norway and Greenland. Now, new research suggests that a behavior recently observed in humpback whales may have inspired the kraken legend.

The kraken first appeared in Norse mythology around the 13th century. According to legend, the kraken was a giant sea monster that could drag ships and sailors down to the depths of the ocean. Its tentacles were said to be so long that they could wrap around an entire ship and crush it to pieces. The kraken was feared by sailors and was said to be virtually indestructible.

A digital reconstruction of a humpback whale trap feeding (right) and the possibly not mythological Norse hafgufa. Image credit: John McCarthy, Flinders University

While many dismissed the kraken as nothing more than a myth, some have suggested that it might have been inspired by real-life creatures. One possibility is the giant squid, which can grow up to 43 feet long and has long, writhing tentacles. However, new research from marine biologist Dr. Robert Pitman suggests that another creature might be the inspiration for the kraken: humpback whales.

In recent years, humpback whales have been observed engaging in a behavior called “lobtailing.” This involves slapping their tails on the surface of the water, creating a loud noise that can be heard for miles around. Scientists believe that humpback whales engage in lobtailing for a variety of reasons, including communication and aggression.

Diagram of humpbacks engaged in trap feeding; with a jaw either flush with the waterline, or raised to a similar height to the rostrum (J. McCarthy)

Dr. Pitman suggests that lobtailing might have been the inspiration for the kraken myth. He points out that when a humpback whale slaps its tail on the water, it creates a huge splash that looks like a giant, writhing creature. This could have led sailors to believe that they were being attacked by a sea monster. Furthermore, humpback whales are known for their impressive size and strength, which could have contributed to the myth of the kraken’s indestructibility.

An illustration of the hafgufa from the Icelandic Physiologus (c.1200) depiction of the Apsido feeding (Reykjavík AM 673 a II 4to fol. 3v Public Domain, color and contrast corrected).

While Dr. Pitman’s theory is just speculation, it does offer a plausible explanation for the origins of the kraken myth. It also highlights the importance of studying and understanding the behaviors of marine animals, which can shed light on our own myths and legends.

A map of Iceland from 1658, surrounded by mythical creatures – except that one of them might not be so mythical: the hafgufa, enlarged below. Public domain

In conclusion, the kraken has long been one of the most fascinating and enduring legends of the sea. While its existence is still debated, new research suggests that it might have been inspired by the lobtailing behavior of humpback whales. As we continue to explore the oceans and study the creatures that inhabit them, we may uncover even more secrets and mysteries of the deep.

Filed Under: Trends Worldwide Tagged With: ancient, behavior, creature, Inspiration, myth, norse, trends, whale, worldwide

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